BNS vs CRPC

Comparison summary BNSS to CrPC

BNSS Sections	Subject	CrPC Sections	Summary of Comparison
1	Short title, extent and commencement	1	It contains the Act name, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, and provisions regarding the commencement date.
2	Definitions	2	Several new subsections, such as 2(1)(a), 2(1)(b), 2(1)(d), and 2(1)(e), are added, while others, namely 2(f), 2(k), 2(q), and 2(t) of CrPC, are excluded. Furthermore, certain subsections are modified.
2(1)(a)	“audio-video electronic means”	–	Newly added.
2(1)(b)	“bail”	–	Newly added.
2(1)(c)	“bailable offence”	2(a)	No change.
2(1)(d)	“bail bond”	–	Newly added.
2(1)(e)	“bond”	–	Newly added.
2(1)(f)	“charge”	2(b)	No change.
2(1)(g)	“cognizable offence”	2(c)	No change.
2(1)(h)	“complaint”	2(d)	No change except “Code” is replaced with “Sanhita”. Wherever the word “Code” is used in CrPC, the word “Sanhita” is used in BNSS, therefore, this fact will not be specifically mentioned in this table hereinafter.
2(1)(i)	“electronic communication”	–	Newly added.
2(1)(j)	“High Court”	2(e)	No change.
2(1)(k)	“inquiry”	2(g)	No change.
2(1)(l)	“investigation”	2(h)	The term “Code” has been substituted with “Sanhita”. Explanation that in case of inconsistency provisions of Special Act shall prevail.
2(1)(m)	“judicial proceeding”	2(i)	No change.
2(1)(n)	“local jurisdiction”	2(j)	No change.
2(1)(o)	“non-cognizable offence”	2(l)	No change.
2(1)(p)	“notification”	2(m)	No change.
2(1)(q)	“offence”	2(n)	No change.
2(1)(r)	“officer in charge of a police station”	2(o)	No change.
2(1)(s)	“place”	2(p)	No change.
2(1)(t)	“police report”	2(r)	No change.
2(1)(u)	“police station”	2(s)	No change.
2(1)(v)	“Public Prosecutor”	2(u)	No change.
2(1)(w)	“sub-division”	2(v)	No change.
2(1)(x)	“summons-case”	2(w)	No change.
2(1)(y)	“victim”	2(wa)	The words “for which accused person has been charged and the expression victim” are replaced by “of the accused person” etc.
2(1)(z)	“warrant-case”	2(x)	No change.
2(2)	Words and expressions used	2(y)	Words and expressions used in Sanhita but not defined here but defined in Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, and in the Information Technology Act, 2000, shall have the meanings respectively assigned to them in that Act and Sanhita.
3	Construction of references	3	CrPC sub-sections 3(1) and 3(2) are excluded; clauses (a) and (b) of sub-section 3(3) are merged and rearranged, having the same meaning except “or of the third class,” and clauses (c) and (d) of sub-section 3(3) CrPC are also excluded in BNSS.
4	Trial of offences under Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita and other laws	4	No change.
5	Saving	5	No change.
6	Classes of Criminal Courts	6	Words “in any Metropolitan area, Metropolitan Magistrates” are excluded.
7	Territorial divisions	7	Proviso related to Metropolitan area, excluded.
8	Court of Session	9	“Assistant Sessions Judges” excluded. New subsections (7) and (8) are added. Under the BNSS, the positions of Judicial Magistrate of the third class, Metropolitan Magistrate, and Assistant Session Judges have been abolished, etc. Consequential amendments have been effected in various sections, viz. 8, 11, 12, 14, 17, 22, 29, 113, 196, 214, 320, 321, 415, 422, and 436 of the BNSS.
9	Courts of Judicial Magistrates	11	The words “not being a Metropolitan area” are excluded.
10	Chief Judicial Magistrate and Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate, etc.	12	Ditto.
11	Special Judicial Magistrates	13	Ditto.
12	Local jurisdiction of Judicial Magistrates	14	The words “Metropolitan area” and Chief Metropolitan Magistrate are excluded.
13	Subordination of Judicial Magistrates	15	No change.
14	Executive Magistrates	20	The words “in any Metropolitan area, Metropolitan Magistrates” are excluded.
15	Special Executive Magistrates	21	With the new addition, State Government may appoint police officers of the rank Superintendent of Police or equivalent, as Special Executive Magistrates.
16	Local Jurisdiction of Executive Magistrates	22	No change.
17	Subordination of Executive Magistrates	23	The words “other than the additional District Magistrate” are excluded.
18	Public Prosecutors	24	New proviso is added to subsection (1).
19	Assistant Public Prosecutors	25	The time line of fourteen days for notice to the state government for the appointment of Assistant Public Prosecutor is mentioned. Proviso is reframed but the meaning is same.
20	Directorate of Prosecution	25A	The new addition subsection (1) (b) regarding establishment of District Directorate of Prosecution. Subsections (8), (9), (10) and (11) are also newly added etc.
21	Courts by which offences are triable	26	No change.
22	Sentences which High Courts and Sessions Judges may pass	28	Sub Section 28(3) of CrPC is excluded.
23	Sentences which Magistrates may pass	29	Change in amount of fine: ten thousand is replaced by fifty thousand, and five thousand is replaced by ten thousand. The explanation of Section 23 defines “community service.” Sub-section 29(4) CrPC is excluded.
24	Sentence of imprisonment in default of fine	30	No change.
25	Sentence in cases of conviction of several offences at one trial	31	Sub section (1) is reframed but the essence is same. In subsection (2) (a) fourteen years is replaced by twenty years.
26	Mode of conferring powers	32	No change.
27	Powers of officers appointed	33	Ditto.
28	Withdrawal of powers	34	Ditto.
29	Powers of Judges and Magistrates exercisable by their successors-in-office	35	The words “Additional or Assistant session Judge” are excluded.
30	Powers of superior officers of police	36	No change.
31	Public when to assist Magistrates and police	37	The words “railway, canal, telegraph or” are excluded thereby scope of the provision is broadened.
32	Aid to person, other than police officer, executing warrant	38	No change.
33	Public to give information of certain offences	39	Ditto.
34	Duty of officers employed in connection with the affairs of a village to make certain report	40	In subsection (2) (ii), instead of writing BNS sections corresponding to IPC sections, the offence punishable for imprisonment of ten years or more, etc., is mentioned.
35	When police may arrest without warrant	41 & 41A	A new subsection 7 is added: “No arrest shall be made without prior permission of an officer not below the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police in case of an offence which is punishable for imprisonment of less than three years and such person is infirm or is above sixty years of age.”
36	Procedure of arrest and duties of officer making arrest	41B	The words “any other person” is added are clause (c).
37	Designated Police Officer	41C	Sub-sections (2) and (3) of the CrPC are merged in (1) (b), and provision is given for designating a police officer not below the rank of Assistant Sub-Inspector for the said purpose.
38	Right of arrested person to meet an advocate of his choice during interrogation	41D	No change.
39	Arrest on refusal to give name and residence	42	The words “his executing a bond with or without sureties” are replaced by “bond or bail bond,”.
40	Arrest by private person and procedure on such arrest	43	In subsection (1), without unnecessary delay is further specified by “but within six hours from such arrest.” In subsection (2), “re-arrest” is replaced by “take him in custody”.
41	Arrest by Magistrate	44	No change.
42	Protection of members of the Armed Forces from arrest	45	No change.
43	Arrest how made	46	A new subsection (3) is added regarding the handcuff of a habitual or repeat offender or accused who has committed certain offences mentioned in the sub-section, etc.
44	Search of place entered by person sought to be arrested	47	No change.
45	Pursuit of offenders into other jurisdictions	48	No change.
46	No unnecessary restraint	49	No change.
47	Person arrested to be informed of grounds of arrest and of right to bail	50	No change.
48	Obligation of person making arrest to inform about the arrest, etc , to relative or friend	50A	The words “and also to the designated police officer in the district” are added in subsection (1). In subsection (3), the words “may be prescribed in this behalf by” are replaced by “may, by rules, provide”.
49	Search of arrested person	51	No Change except the word “whenever” is excluded from clause (ii) of subsection (1).
50	Power to seize offensive weapons	52	The words “immediately after the arrest is made” are added.
51	Examination of accused by medical practitioner at the request of police officer	53	From sub-section (1), “not below the rank of sub-inspector” is excluded, and subsection (3) is newly added regarding the forwarding of examination reports without delay by a medical practitioner to the investigator. In explanation (b), the “defined in clause (h) of Section 2 of the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956 (102 of 1956)” is replaced by “recognised under the National Medical Commission Act, 2019 (30 of 2019),” and “the National Medical Register” is also added as an optional to the State Medical Register.
52	Examination of person accused of rape by medical practitioner	53A	The words “police officer not below the rank of Sub-Inspector” are replaced by “any police officer”.
53	Examination of arrested person by medical officer	54	A new proviso added to subsection (1) regarding one more examination can be done if it is necessary, in the opinion of the medical practitioner.
54	Identification of person arrested	54A	The second proviso is excluded as it is already covered under the first proviso by adding the words “the identification process shall be recorded by any audio-video electronic means.”.
55	Procedure when police officer deputes subordinate to arrest without warrant	55	No change.
56	Health and safety of arrested person	55A	No change.
57	Person arrested to be taken before Magistrate or officer in charge of police station	56	No change.
58	Person arrested not to be detained more than twenty-four hours	57	No change except the words “whether having jurisdiction or not” are added.

BNSS Sections	Subject	CrPC Sections	Summary of Comparison
59	Police to report apprehensions	58	No change.
60	Discharge of person apprehended	59	“Bail” is replaced with “bail bond”.
61	Power, on escape, to pursue and retake	60	No change.
62	Arrest to be made strictly according to the Sanhita	60A	No change.
63	Form of summons	61	A new clause (ii) “in an encrypted or any other form of electronic communication and shall bear the image of the seal of the Court or digital signature” is added.
64	Summons how served	62	Two new provisos regarding electronic communication, under subsections (1) and (2), are added. The word “personally” is added in sub-section (3).
65	Service of summons on corporate bodies, firms, and societies	63	In subsection (1), Director and Manager is added. New subsection (2) regarding service of summons on any partner of a firm or other association of individuals.
66	Service when persons summoned cannot be found	64	The word “male” is excluded to make the provision gender neutral.
67	Procedure when service cannot be effected as before provided	65	No change.
68	Service on Government servant	66	No change.
69	Service of summons outside local limits	67	No change.
70	Proof of service in such cases and when serving officer not present	68	A new subsection (3) is added, mentioning that service of summons through electronic communication shall be considered duly served, and a copy of such summons shall be attested and kept as proof of service of summons.
71	Service of summons on witness by post	69	The words “by electronic communication or” are added in subsection (1). In subsection (2) words “or on the proof of delivery of summons under sub-section (3) of section 70 by electronic communication to the satisfaction of the Court,” are added.
72	Form of warrant of arrest and duration	70	No change.
73	Power to direct security to be taken	71	No change.
74	Warrants to whom directed	72	No change.
75	Warrant may be directed to any person	73	No change.
76	Warrant directed to police officer	74	No change.
77	Notification of substance of warrant	75	No change.
78	Person arrested to be brought before court without delay	76	No change.
79	Where warrant may be executed	77	No change.
80	Warrant forwarded for execution outside jurisdiction	78	No change.
81	Warrant directed to police officer for execution outside jurisdiction	79	No change.
82	Procedure on arrest of person against whom warrant issued	80	New subsection (2) is added regarding information to designated police officer of the respective district where arrested person resides.
83	Procedure by Magistrate before whom such person arrested is brought	81	The word “bail” is replaced by “bail bond”.
84	Proclamation for person absconding	82	In subsection (4), IPC sections are replaced by punishments related to corresponding BNS sections. The offence punishable for imprisonment of ten years or more, etc., is mentioned.
85	Attachment of property of person absconding	83	The words “of property ” is added in clause (b) of subsection (1).
86	Identification and attachment of property of proclaimed person	–	Newly added.
87	Claims and objections to attachment	84	No change.
88	Release, sale and restoration of attached property	85	No change.
89	Appeal from order rejecting application for restoration of attached property	86	No change.
90	Issue of warrant in lieu of, or in addition to, summons	87	No change.
91	Power to take bond or bail bond for appearance	88	The words “or bail bond” are added in heading and words “bond with or without sureties” are replaced by “bond or bail bond”.
92	Arrest on breach of bond or bail bond for appearance	89	The words “or bail bond” are added.
93	Provisions of this Chapter generally applicable to summonses and warrants of arrest	90	No change.
94	Summons to produce document or other thing	91	Regarding the production of documents, the words “electronic communication, including communication devices which is likely to contain digital evidence ” are added, and the words “either in physical form or in electronic form, require” are related to summoning a person possessing a document. In subsection (3) (a) corresponding sections of Indian Evidence Act, 1872 are replaced by the sections of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 , word “telegram is excluded.
95	Procedure as to letters	92	“telegram” and “or telegraph” words are excluded.
96	When search-warrant may be issued	93	The words “or telegraph” are excluded.
97	Search of place suspected to contain stolen property, forged documents, etc.	94	In clause (a) of subsection (2), “the Metal Token Act, 1889 (1 of 1889)” is replaced by “the Coinage Act, 2011 (11 of 2011).” BNS sections replace the corresponding “IPC” sections.
98	Power to declare certain publications forfeited and to issue search-warrants for the same	95	BNS sections replace corresponding IPC Sections.
99	Application to High Court to set aside declaration of forfeiture	96	No change.
100	Search for persons wrongfully confined	97	No change.
101	Power to compel restoration of abducted females	98	The words “under the age of eighteen years” and “husband” are excluded.
102	Direction, etc, of search-warrants	99	No change.
103	Persons in charge of closed place to allow search	100	In subsection (8) BNS sections replaces corresponding IPC sections.
104	Disposal of things found in search beyond jurisdiction	101	No change.
105	Recording of search and seizure through audio-video electronic means	–	“The process of conducting search of a place or taking possession of any property ,article or thing under this Chapter or under section 185, including preparation of the list of all things seized in the course of such search and seizure and signing of such list by witnesses, shall be recorded through any audio-video electronic means preferably mobile phone and the police officer shall without delay forward such recording to the District Magistrate, Sub-divisional Magistrate or Judicial Magistrate of the first class.”
106	Power of police officer to seize certain property	102	No change.
107	Attachment, forfeiture or restoration of property	–	Newly added.
108	Magistrate may direct search in his presence	103	No change.
109	Power to impound document, etc , produced	104	No change.
110	Reciprocal arrangements regarding processes	105	No change.
111	Definitions	105A	No change.
112	Letter of request to competent authority for investigation in a country or place outside India	166A	No change except the words “Notwithstanding anything contained in this code” are excluded.
113	Letter of request from a country or place outside India to a Court or an authority for investigation in India	166B	No change except the words “or such Metropolitan Magistrate” are excluded.
114	Assistance in securing transfer of persons	105B	No change except the words “Notwithstanding anything contained in this code” are excluded.
115	Assistance in relation to orders of attachment or forfeiture of property	105C	No change.
116	Identifying unlawfully acquired property	105D	No change.
117	Seizure or attachment of property	105E	No change.
118	Management of properties seized or forfeited under this Chapter	105F	No change.
119	Notice of forfeiture of property	105G	No change.
120	Forfeiture of property in certain cases	105H	In subsection (4),”the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013) replaces “the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956)”.
121	Fine in lieu of forfeiture	105I	No change.
122	Certain transfers to be null and void	105J	No change.
123	Procedure in respect of letter of request	105K	No change.
124	Application of this Chapter	105L	No change.
125	Security for keeping the peace on conviction	106	No change.
126	Security for keeping the peace in other cases	107	No change.
127	Security for good behaviour from persons disseminating seditious matters	108	BNS sections replace corresponding IPC sections.
128	Security for good behaviour from suspected persons	109	No change.
129	Security for good behaviour from habitual offenders	110	BNS sections replace the corresponding IPC sections. Clauses (e) the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955; (22 of 1955) and (g) The Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 (34 of 2006) is added newly under subsection (f) (i). “Bond with sureties” are replaced by “bail bond”.
130	Order to be made	111	The words “after considering the sufficiency and fitness of sureties” are added.
131	Procedure in respect of person present in Court	112	No change.
132	Summons or warrant in case of person not so present	113	No change.
133	Copy of order to accompany summons or warrant	114	No change.
134	Power to dispense with personal attendance	115	“pleader” is replaced by “advocate”.
135	Inquiry as to truth of information	116	The words “with or without sureties” are excluded “or bail bond” is added.
136	Order to give security	117	Ditto.
137	Discharge of person informed against	118	No change.

BNSS Sections	Subject	CrPC Sections	Summary of Comparison
138	Commencement of period for which security is required	119	No change.
139	Contents of bond	120	“or bail bond” is added.
140	Power to reject sureties	121	“bond” is replaced by “bail bond”.
141	Imprisonment in default of security	122	The words “with or without sureties” and “Assistant Sessions Judge” are excluded. “or bail bond” is added.
142	Power to release persons imprisoned for failing to give security	123	No change.
143	Security for unexpired period of bond	124	“or bail bond” is added.
144	Order for maintenance of wives, children and parents	125	“minor” is replaced by “child”.
145	Procedure	126	In subsection (1), clause (d) is added. In subsection (2), pleader is replaced by “advocate”.
146	Alteration in allowance	127	No change.
147	Enforcement of order of maintenance	128	No change.
148	Dispersal of assembly by use of civil force	129	No change.
149	Use of armed forces to disperse assembly	130	In subsection (1), the words “any such assembly” are replaced by “any assembly referred to in sub-section (1) of section 148,” and “Executive Magistrate of the highest rank” is replaced by “District Magistrate or any other Executive Magistrate authorised by him”. In Subsection 2, “Magistrate” is replaced by “Executive Magistrate”.
150	Power of certain armed force officers to disperse assembly	131	No change.
151	Protection against prosecution for acts done under sections 148, 149 and 150	132	The word “military” is replaced by “army”.
152	Conditional order for removal of nuisance	133	No change.
153	Service or notification of order	134	No change.
154	Person to whom order is addressed to obey or show cause	135	In clause (b) the words “and such appearance or hearing may be permitted through audio-video conferencing.” are added.
155	Penalty for failure to comply with section 154	136	“such person” is replaced by “person against whom an order is made under section 154 ” and BNS section replaces corresponding IPC section.
156	Procedure where existence of public right is denied	137	No change.
157	Procedure where person against whom order is made under section 152 appears to show cause	138	New proviso regarding completion of proceedings is added thereby a timeline is stipulated for the purpose.
158	Power of Magistrate to direct local investigation and examination of an expert	139	No change.
159	Power of Magistrate to furnish written instructions, etc.	140	No change.
160	Procedure on order being made absolute and consequences of disobedience	141	No change.
161	Injunction pending inquiry	142	No change.
162	Magistrate may prohibit repetition or continuance of public nuisance	143	The words “or Deputy Commissioner of Police” are added.
163	Power to issue order in urgent cases of nuisance or apprehended danger	144	No change.
164	Procedure where dispute concerning land or water is likely to cause breach of peace	145	No change.
165	Power to attach subject of dispute and to appoint receiver	146	No change.
166	Dispute concerning right of use of land or water	147	In Explanation the words “For the purposes of this sub-section” are added. The word “pleader” is replaced by “advocate”.
167	Local inquiry	148	The word “pleader” is replaced by “advocate”.
168	Police to prevent cognizable offences	149	No change.
169	Information of design to commit cognizable offences	150	No change.
170	Arrest to prevent the commission of cognizable offences	151	No change.
171	Prevention of injury to public property	152	No change.
172	Persons bound to conform to lawful directions of police	–	“(1) All persons shall be bound to conform to the lawful directions of a police officer given in fulfilment of any of his duty under this Chapter. (2) A police officer may detain or remove any person resisting, refusing, ignoring or disregarding to conform to any direction given by him under sub-section (1) and may either take such person before a Magistrate or, in petty cases, release him as soon as possible within a period of twenty-four hours.”
173	Information in cognizable cases	154	By adding the words “irrespective of the area where the offence is committed”, the scope is expanded to lodge an FIR. This corresponds to the concept of ‘zero FIR’. By adding the word “by electronic communication,” thereby it is made contemporary. Clause (ii) is added in subsection (1); this is known as eFIR. Subsection (3) is newly added regarding preliminary inquiry to ascertain whether there exists a prima facie case and proceed for investigation on the prima facie case for the cognizable offences which are made punishable for three years or more but less than seven years”. In subsection (4), the words “failing which such aggrieved person may make an application to the Magistrate.” are added.
174	Information as to non-cognizable cases and investigation of such cases	155	Clause (ii) in subsection (1) is added regarding forwarding the daily diary report of non-cognizable cases fortnightly to the Magistrate.
175	Police officer’s power to investigate cognizable case	156	A new proviso to subsection (1) is added. Sub-section (4) is newly added to protect public servants in the course of discharge of public duty against undue harassment, and subsection (3) is also amended according to sub-section(4) of section 173.
176	Procedure for investigation	157	In clause (b) of subsection (1), audio-video electronic means are added. In subsection (2), the words, “forward the daily diary report fortnightly to the Magistrate” are added. Sub-section (3) is newly added, which stipulates forensic experts visit the crime scene as mandatory for offences punishable for seven years or more.
177	Report how submitted	158	No change.
178	Power to hold investigation or preliminary inquiry	159	No change.
179	Police officer’s power to require attendance of witnesses	160	In the first proviso, “sixty-five years” is replaced by “sixty years” and the words “or a person with acute illness” are added. One new proviso is added. Thus, the scope of the provision is expanded.
180	Examination of witnesses by police	161	No change.
181	Statements to police and use thereof	162	Heading of the section is changed. BSA sections replace corresponding Indian Evidence Act sections.
182	No inducement to be offered	163	No change.
183	Recording of confessions and statements	164	The newly added first proviso to Section 183(6)(a) provides that statements are to be recorded by a woman Magistrate as far as practicable. A newly added second proviso to Section 183(6)(a) provides for mandatory recording of a statement of witness by Magistrate relating to the offences punishable with imprisonment for ten years or more, imprisonment for life, or with death. The fourth proviso to Section 183(6)(a) provides for the recording of the statement of a temporarily or permanently mentally or physically disabled person through audio-video electronic means.
184	Medical examination of the victim of rape	164A	“without delay” is replaced by “Within a period of seven days” for medical practitioner to forward the report to Investigating officer.
185	Search by police officer	165	A newly added Proviso to Section 185(2) mandates the recording of search conducted through audio video, or electronic means. Subsection (5) of 185 of BNSS provides that the copies of record made under Subsection (1) or (3) shall forthwith, but not later than 48 hours, be sent to Magistrate.
186	When officer in charge of police station may require another to issue search-warrant	166	No change.
187	Procedure when investigation cannot be completed in twenty-four hours	167	A new insertion into Subsection (2) of Section 187 of BNSS provides that the Magistrate to whom an accused person is forwarded under this section may, irrespective of whether he has or has no jurisdiction to try the case, after taking into consideration the status of the accused person as to whether he is not released on bail or his bail has not been cancelled, authorise, from time to time, the detention of the accused in such custody as such Magistrate thinks fit, for a term not exceeding fifteen days in the whole, or in parts, at any time during the initial forty days or sixty days out of the

BNSS Sections	Subject	CrPC Sections	Summary of Comparison
188	Report of investigation by subordinate police officer	168	No change.
189	Release of accused when evidence deficient	169	The words “with or without sureties” are excluded and “or bail bond” are added.
190	Cases to be sent to Magistrate, when evidence is sufficient	170	New proviso is added to subsection (1) regarding taking security from accused not in custody before the magistrate and mandate the Magistrate to accept the same.
191	Complainant and witnesses not to be required to accompany police officer and not to be subjected to restraint	171	No change.
192	Diary of proceedings in investigation	172	No change.
193	Report of police officer on completion of investigation	173	Section 193(2) extends this requirement to complete the investigation within two months, offences under the Provisions of Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act also [Sections 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 of POCSO Act, 2012] in addition to offences of rape and gang rape. Section 193(3)(i) of the BNSS provides that reports to Magistrate can also be forwarded through electronic communication. The newly inserted clause (i) of sub-section 193(3) (i) of BNSS provides that the report shall also contain ‘the sequence of custody in the case of electronic devices’. Clause 193(3)(ii) of BNSS provides that the police officer shall, within 90 days, inform the progress of investigation by any means including electronic communication to informant or the victim. Subsection (8) is newly inserted, which mandates the police officer investigating the case to submit such number of copies of police report for supply to the accused. Proviso to the same authorises electronic communication for this purpose. The new proviso to subsection (6) provides for further investigation during the trial with the permission of the Court.
194	Police to enquire and report on suicide, etc.	174	In subsection (2) “forthwith” is replaced by “within twenty-four hours” for sending the report to DM and SDM. The word “man” is replaced by “person”.
195	Power to summon persons	175	Proviso to Subsection (1) of 195 provides immunity to male persons under the age of fifteen years or above the age of sixty years, or a woman or a mentally or physically disabled persons or a person with acute illness shall not be required to attend at place other than the place where such person resides. However, they can attend at police station willingly.
196	Inquiry by Magistrate into cause of death	176	The words “Judicial Magistrate” are replaced by “Magistrate”, and Metropolitan Magistrate is excluded.
197	Ordinary place of inquiry and trial	177	No change.
198	Place of inquiry or trial	178	No change.
199	Offence triable where act is done or consequence ensues	179	No change.
200	Place of trial where act is an offence by reason of relation to other offence	180	No change.
201	Place of trial in case of certain offences	181	The words “of being a thug, or murder committed by a thug” are excluded as definition of Thug and punishment being one are also excluded from the BNS.
202	Offences committed by means of electronic communications, letters, etc.	182	The words “electronic communications” added. BNS sections replace corresponding IPC sections.
203	Offence committed on journey or voyage	183	No change.
204	Place of trial for offences triable together	184	No change.
205	Power to order cases to be tried in different sessions divisions	185	No change.
206	High Court to decide, in case of doubt, district where inquiry or trial shall take place	186	No change.
207	Power to issue summons or warrant for offence committed beyond local jurisdiction	187	The words “with or without sureties” are replaced by “or bail bond”.
208	Offence committed outside India	188	The words “or where the offence is registered in India” are added.
209	Receipt of evidence relating to offences committed outside India	189	The words “either in physical form or in electronic form” are added.
210	Cognizance of offences by Magistrates	190	The words “including any complaint filed by a person authorised under any special law” and “submitted in any mode including electronic mode ” are added in clause (a ) and (b ) of subsection (1).
211	Transfer on application of the accused	191	No change.
212	Making over of cases to Magistrates	192	No change.
213	Cognizance of offences by Courts of Session	193	No change.
214	Additional Sessions Judges to try cases made over to them	194	No change except words “or Assistant sessions Judge” are excluded.
215	Prosecution for contempt of lawful authority of public servants, for offences against public justice and for offences relating to documents given in evidence	195	BNS sections replace corresponding IPC sections. The words “or of some other public servant who is authorised by the concerned public servant so to do” are added.
216	Procedure for witnesses in case of threatening, etc.	195A	No change.
217	Prosecution for offences against the State and for criminal conspiracy to commit such offence	196	Ditto.
218	Prosecution of Judges and public servants	197	The BNS sections replace the corresponding IPC sections. A second proviso to 218(1)(b) is added, which provides that such Government shall take a decision within a period of one hundred and twenty days from the date of receipt of the request for sanction, and in case it fails to do so, the sanction shall be deemed to have been accorded by such Government. This will curb the tendency to help an accused public servant by such delay tactics.
219	Prosecution for offences against marriage	198	The Word “child” replaces “minor” and “child” also replaces “person under the age of 18 years”, “is an idiot, or a lunatic” is replaced by “is of unsound mind or is having intellectual disability requiring higher support needs”.
220	Prosecution of offences under section 498A of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023	198A	No change.
221	Cognizance of offence	198B	No change.
222	Prosecution for defamation	199	BNS Chapters and sections replace corresponding IPC Chapters and sections. “child” replaces “under the age of eighteen years ” or is of unsound mind replaces “or is having intellectual disability or is an idiot or a lunatic”.
223	Examination of complainant	200	The newly added first proviso to Section 223(1) provides that no cognizance of an offence shall be taken by the Magistrate without giving the accused an opportunity of being heard. A new sub-section (2) of Section 223 provides that a Magistrate shall not take cognizance on a complaint against a public servant for any offence alleged to have been committed in the course of the discharge of his official functions or duties unless—(a) such public servant is given an opportunity to make assertions as to the situation that led to the incident so alleged; and (b) a report containing facts and circumstances of the incident from the officer superior to such a public servant is received.
224	Procedure by Magistrate not competent to take cognizance of the case	201	No change.
225	Postponement of issue of process	202	No change.
226	Dismissal of complaint	203	No change.
227	Issue of process	204	The new proviso to sub-section (1) of Section 227 provides that summons or warrant may also be issued through electronic means.
228	Magistrate may dispense with personal attendance of accused	205	“pleader” is replaced by “advocate”.
229	Special summons in cases of petty offence	206	“pleader” is replaced by “advocate.” The threshold amount of fine for the purpose of the definition of “petty offence” is increased by this section from one thousand rupees to five thousand rupees. The monetary limit of the fine specified in summons is increased from one thousand rupees to five thousand rupees. “the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939 (59 of 1939)” is replaced by “the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 (59 of 1988).”
230	Supply to the accused of copy of police report and other documents	207	This section states that the documents are to be supplied free of cost to the accused without any delay, and in no case beyond 14 days from the date of production or appearance of the accused, and should also be provided to the victim if represented by an advocate. The last proviso states that the supply of documents in electronic form shall be considered as duly furnished.
231	Supply of copies of statements and documents to accused in other cases triable by Court of Session	208	Last proviso states that supply of documents to accused in electronic form shall be considered as duly furnished. “pleader” is replaced by “advocate”.
232	Commitment of case to Court of Session when offence is triable exclusively by it	209	Two new provisos are added herein. By first proviso proceedings have been made time-bound. The proceedings under this section shall be completed within a period of ninety days from the date of taking cognizance, and such period may be extended, by the Magistrate for a period not exceeding one hundred eighty days for the reasons to be recorded in writing. Second proviso states that any application filed before the Magistrate by the accused or the victim or any person authorised by such person in a case triable by Court of Session, shall be forwarded to the Court of Session with the committal of the case.
233	Procedure to be followed when there is a complaint case and police investigation in respect of the same offence	210	No change.
234	Contents of charge	211	No change.
235	Particulars as to time, place and person	212	No change.
236	When manner of committing offence must be stated	213	No change.
237	Words in charge taken in sense of law under which offence is punishable	214	No change.
238	Effect of errors	215	No change.
239	Court may alter charge	216	No change.
240	Recall of witnesses when charge altered	217	No change.
241	Separate charges for distinct offences	218	No change.
242	Offences of same kind within year may be charged together	219	No change.
243	Trial for more than one offence	220	Subsection 243(1) reorganises illustrations (b) and (c) given in CrPC, citing “adultery” and “enticing away,” which are replaced by “rape” in the rephrased illustration (b) herein.
244	Where it is doubtful what offence has been committed	221	No change.
245	When offence proved included in offence charged	222	No change.
246	What persons may be charged jointly	223	No change.
247	Withdrawal of remaining charges on conviction on one of several charges	224	No change.
248	Trial to be conducted by Public Prosecutor	225	No change.
249	Opening case for prosecution	226	The words “or under any other law for the time being in force” are added.
250	Discharge	227	New subsection (1) provides that the accused may prefer an application for discharge within a period of sixty days from the date of commencement of the case under Section 232.
251	Framing of charge	228	The time limit for framing the charge is added as being within a period of sixty days from the date of first hearing. This section also allows charges to be read and explained, to the accused “present either physically or through audio-video electronic means.”
252	Conviction on plea of guilty	229	No change.
253	Date for prosecution evidence	230	No change.
254	Evidence for prosecution	231	Newly added proviso to section 254 of BNSS provides that evidence of a witness may be recorded by audio-video electronic means. Newly added subsection (2) provides that the deposition of evidence of any police officer or public servant may be taken through audio-video electronic means.
255	Acquittal	232	No change.
256	Entering upon defence	233	No change.
257	Arguments	234	“pleader” is replaced by “advocate”.
258	Judgment of acquittal or conviction	235	New addition to subsection (1) for time bound disposal – After hearing arguments and points of law (if any), the Judge shall give a judgement in the case, “as soon as possible, within a period of thirty days from the date of completion of arguments, which may be extended, to a period of forty-five days for reasons to be recorded in writing”.
259	Previous conviction	236	No change.
260	Procedure in cases instituted under sub-section 2 of section 222	237	Upper limit of compensation amount increased from one thousand rupees to five thousand rupees in sub-section (4).
261	Compliance with section 230	238	No change.
262	When accused shall be discharged	239	New subsection 262(1) provides the time limit of application for discharge by accused as “within a period of sixty days from the date of supply of copies of document under section 230”. Examination of accused through audio-video electronic means can be done as added in sub-section (2).
263	Framing of charge	240	Time limit for framing of charge against the accused is added within a period of sixty days from the date of first hearing on charge.
264	Conviction on plea of guilty	241	No change.
265	Evidence for prosecution	242	The new proviso to subsection 265(3) of the BNSS states that evidence of a witness may be recorded by audio-video electronic means at the designated place to be notified by the State Government.
266	Evidence for defence	243	New second proviso to Section 266(2) provides that the examination of witnesses may be done by audio-video electronic means at the designated place to be notified by the State Government.
267	Evidence for prosecution	244	No change.
268	When accused shall be discharged	245	No change.
269	Procedure where accused is not discharged	246	The newly added subsection (7) provides that if the attendance of the prosecution witnesses under sub-sections (5) and (6) cannot be secured for cross-examination, it shall be deemed that such witness has not been examined for not being available and Magistrate proceed further.
270	Evidence for defence	247	No change.
271	Acquittal or conviction	248	No change.
272	Absence of complainant	249	It is added that the Magistrate may “after giving thirty days’ time to the complainant to be present before proceeding further.
273	Compensation for accusation without reasonable cause	250	BNS Sections replace corresponding IPC sections. Compensation amount under sub-section (6) increased from “one hundred rupees” to “two thousand rupees”.
274	Substance of accusation to be stated	251	The new proviso to Section 274 provides that if the Magistrate considers the accusation groundless, he shall, after recording reasons in writing, release the accused, and such release shall have the effect of discharge.
275	Conviction on plea of guilty	252	No change.
276	Conviction on plea of guilty in absence of accused in petty cases	253	“pleader” is replaced by “advocate”.
277	Procedure when not convicted	254	No change.
278	Acquittal or conviction	255	No change.
279	Non-appearance or death of complainant	256	The words “after giving thirty days’ time to the complainant to be present” are added. “pleader” is replaced by “advocate”.
280	Withdrawal of complaint	257	No change.
281	Power to stop proceedings in certain cases	258	No change.
282	Power of Court to convert summons-cases into warrant-cases	259	No change.
283	Power to try summarily	260	BNS sections replace Corresponding IPC sections. Sub section (2) is newly added with a proviso to it for trial of offences punishable with three or less than three years in a summary way. Provided that no appeal shall lie against the decision of a Magistrate to try a case in a summary way under this sub-section.
284	Summary trial by Magistrate of the second class	261	No change.
285	Procedure for summary trials	262	No change.
286	Record in summary trials	263	No change.
287	Judgment in cases tried summarily	264	No change.
288	Language of record and judgment	265	No change.
289	Application of the Chapter	265A	“Below the age of fourteen years” excluded from 289(1)(b), thereby expanding the scope.
290	Application for plea bargaining	265B	Time limit for plea bargaining “within a period of thirty days from the date of framing of charge” is added in subsection (1). 290 (4) (a) “not exceeding sixty days” is added, regarding accused to work out a mutually satisfactory disposition of the case”. The words “as the case may be” excluded.
291	Guidelines for mutually satisfactory disposition	265C	“pleader” is replaced by “advocate”.
292	Report of the mutually satisfactory disposition to be submitted before the Court	265D	No change.
293	Disposal of the case	265E	Section 293 clauses (c ) and (d) make changes to require the court to show leniency towards first -time offenders who opt for plea bargaining. They may be sentenced to one fourth of minimum punishment instead of half and one-nineth instead of one-fourth respectively.
294	Judgment of the Court	265F	No change.
295	Finality of the judgment	265G	No change.
296	Power of the Court in plea bargaining	265H	No change.
297	Period of detention undergone by the accused to be set off against the sentence of imprisonment	265-I	No change.
298	Savings	265J	No change.
299	Statements of accused not to be used	265K	No change.
300	Non-application of the Chapter	265L	No change.
301	Definitions	266	No change.
302	Power to require attendance of prisoners	267	The words “as the case may be” are excluded.
303	Power of State Government or Central Government to exclude certain persons from operation of section 302	268	“or Central Government” is added in the heading and other places. “the Central Government in the cases instituted by its central agency, as the case may be” are added in subsection (2).
304	Officer in charge of prison to abstain from carrying out order in certain contingencies	269	No change.
305	Prisoner to be brought to Court in custody	270	No change.
306	Power to issue commission for examination of witness in prison	271	No change.
307	Language of Courts	272	No change.
308	Evidence to be taken in presence of accused	273	The words “through audio-video electronic means at the designated place to be notified by the State Government” are added.
309	Record in summons-cases and inquiries	274	No change.
310	Record in warrant-cases	275	No change.
311	Record in trial before Court of Session	276	No change.
312	Language of record of evidence	277	No change.
313	Procedure in regard to such evidence when completed	278	The word “pleader” is replaced by “advocate” in heading and other places.
314	Interpretation of evidence to accused or his pleader	279	Ditto.
315	Remarks respecting demeanour of witness	280	No change.

BNSS Sections	Subject	CrPC Sections	Summary of Comparison
316	Record of examination of accused	281	“a Metropolitan Magistrate” is replaced by “any Magistrate, or by a Court of Session,” and sub-sections related to a metropolitan Magistrate are excluded. A new proviso is added to 316 (4) “where the accused is in custody and is examined through electronic communication, his signature shall be taken within seventy-two hours of such examination.”
317	Interpreter to be bound to interpret truthfully	282	No change.
318	Record in High Court	283	No change.
319	When attendance of witness may be dispensed with and commission issued	284	“pleader” is replaced by “advocate”.
320	Commission to whom to be issued	285	“Chief Metropolitan Magistrate” excluded.
321	Execution of commissions	286	“Chief Metropolitan Magistrate or Chief Judicial Magistrate, or such Metropolitan or Judicial Magistrate” is replaced by “Chief Judicial Magistrate or such Magistrate”.
322	Parties may examine witnesses	287	The word “pleader” is replaced by “advocate”. “as the case may be” excluded.
323	Return of commission	288	BSA sections replace corresponding Indian Evidence Act sections.
324	Adjournment of proceeding	289	No change.
325	Execution of foreign commissions	290	No change.
326	Deposition of medical witness	291	No change.
327	Identification report of Magistrate	291A	BSA sections replace corresponding Indian Evidence Act sections.
328	Evidence of officers of the Mint	292	BSA sections replace corresponding Indian Evidence Act sections. “any such”, “of the mint officer” and “as the case may be” are excluded.
329	Reports of certain Government scientific experts	293	In 329(4) (g) the words “State Government or, and or certified “are added and, “Government” excluded.
330	No formal proof of certain documents	294	Two new provisos are added. Time limit of thirty days for acceptance or denial of the genuineness of the document, provided the Court may relax the time limit as stated in the first proviso. And the second proviso states that experts should be called only if he is disputed by any parties during the trial. The words “may be prescribed by the State Government” is replaced by “the State Government may, by rules, provide”
331	Affidavit in proof of conduct of public servants	295	No change.
332	Evidence of formal character on affidavit	296	No change.
333	Authorities before whom affidavits may be sworn	297	No change.
334	Previous conviction or acquittal how proved	298	No change.
335	Record of evidence in absence of accused	299	No change.
336	Evidence of public servants, experts, police officers in certain cases	–	Newly added section. Evidence of public servants, experts, police officers in certain cases may be secured through the successor officer of such a public servant, etc.
337	Person once convicted or acquitted not to be tried for same offence	300	No change.
338	Appearance by Public Prosecutors	301	“Pleader” is replaced by “Advocate”.
339	Permission to conduct prosecution	302	Ditto.
340	Right of person against whom proceedings are instituted to be defended	303	Ditto.
341	Legal aid to accused at State expense in certain cases	304	Ditto.
342	Procedure when corporation or registered society is an accused	305	The words “duly authorised by him” are added in subsection (5).
343	Tender of pardon to accomplice	306	“or a Metropolitan magistrate” excluded and “the criminal law amendment Act 1952” replaced by “any other law for the time being in force”.
344	Power to direct tender of pardon	307	No change.
345	Trial of person not complying with conditions of pardon	308	No change.
346	Power to postpone or adjourn proceedings	309	The BNS sections replace the corresponding IPC sections. The word “Magistrate” is replaced by “Court”. A new clause (b) is added to the last proviso of subsection (2), which states, “Where the circumstances are beyond the control of a party, not more than two adjournments may be granted by the Court after hearing the objections of the other party and for the reasons to be recorded in writing”. The word “pleader” is replaced by “advocate”.
347	Local inspection	310	No change.
348	Power to summon material witness, or examine person present	311	No change.
349	Power of Magistrate to order person to give specimen signatures or handwriting	311A	The words “or finger impressions” and “or voice sample” are added. One new proviso added which provides that the Magistrate may, for reasons to be recorded in writing, order any person to give such a specimen or sample without him being arrested.
350	Expenses of complainants and witnesses	312	No change.
351	Power to examine the accused	313	No change.
352	Oral arguments and memorandum of arguments	314	No change.
353	Accused person to be competent witness	315	No change.
354	No influence to be used to induce disclosure	316	No change.
355	Provision for inquiries and trial being held in the absence of accused in certain cases	317	“pleader” is replaced by “advocate”. A new explanation is added –“For the purpose of this section, personal attendance of the accused includes attendance through audio-video electronic means”.
356	Inquiry, trial or judgment in absentia of proclaimed offender	–	A newly added section which gives provision for Inquiry, trial or judgment in absentia of proclaimed offender. An extra-ordinary provision.
357	Procedure where accused does not understand proceedings	318	No change.
358	Power to proceed against other persons appearing to be guilty of offence	319	No change.
359	Compounding of offences	320	In the table of compoundable offences, the corresponding IPC sections are replaced by BNS sections. Section 497 IPC is excluded as it is not included in BNS. The rest remains same.
360	Withdrawal from prosecution	321	“by the Delhi Special Police Establishment under the Delhi Special Establishment Act 1946 (25 of 1946)” is replaced by “under any Central Act,” and a new proviso is added which provides further that no Court shall allow such withdrawal without giving an opportunity of being heard to the victim in the case.
361	Procedure in cases which Magistrate cannot dispose of	322	No change.
362	Procedure when, after commencement of inquiry or trial, Magistrate finds case should be committed	323	No change.
363	Trial of persons previously convicted of offences against coinage, stamp-law or property	324	No change.
364	Procedure when Magistrate cannot pass sentence sufficiently severe	325	No change.
365	Conviction or commitment on evidence partly recorded by one Magistrate and partly by another	326	No change.
366	Court to be open	327	No change.
367	Procedure in case of accused being person of unsound mind	328	“person of unsound mind” in the heading replaces “lunatic”. Subsection (2) specifies about psychologist to be “of Government hospital or Government medical college” and “mental retardation” is replaced by “intellectual disability”.
368	Procedure in case of person of unsound mind tried before Court	329	Nearest medical college is now specified as Government medical college. “mental retardation” is replaced by “intellectual disability”.
369	Release of person with mental illness pending investigation or trial	330	“mental retardation” is replaced by “intellectual disability” and “public mental health establishment” replaces “lunatic asylum”.
370	Resumption of inquiry or trial	331	No change.
371	Procedure on accused appearing before Magistrate or Court	332	No change.
372	When accused appears to have been of sound mind	333	No change.
373	Judgment of acquittal on ground of unsoundness of mind	334	No change.
374	Person acquitted on ground of unsoundness of mind to be detained in safe custody	335	“public mental health establishment” replaces “lunatic asylum”, and “Mental Health care Act, 2017(10 of 2017” replaces “Indian Lunacy Act,1912 (4 of 1912)”.
375	Power of State Government to empower officer-in-charge to discharge	336	No change.
376	Procedure where prisoner of unsound mind is reported capable of making his defence	337	“person of unsound mind” replaces “lunatic”, “lunatic asylum, the visitors of such asylum or any two of them,” is replaced by “public mental health establishment, the Mental Health Review Board constituted under the Mental Health care Act, 2017(10 of 2017) “.
377	Procedure where person of unsound mind detained is declared fit to be released	338	The words “person of unsound mind” replace “lunatic” in the heading. “public mental health establishment” replaces “lunatic asylum”.
378	Delivery of person of unsound mind to care of relative or friend	339	The words “person of unsound mind” replace “lunatic” in the heading.
379	Procedure in cases mentioned in section 215	340	No change.
380	Appeal	341	No change.
381	Power to order costs	342	No change.
382	Procedure of Magistrate taking cognizance	343	No change.
383	Summary procedure for trial for giving false evidence	344	The fine increased to “one thousand rupees” from “five hundred rupees”.
384	Procedure in certain cases of contempt	345	BNS sections replace IPC Sections. Fine increased to “one thousand rupees” from “two hundred rupees”.
385	Procedure where Court considers that case should not be dealt with under section 384	346	No change.
386	When Registrar or Sub-Registrar to be deemed a Civil Court	347	No change.
387	Discharge of offender on submission of apology	348	No change.
388	Imprisonment or committal of person refusing to answer or produce document	349	No change.
389	Summary procedure for punishment for non-attendance by a witness in obedience to summons	350	The fine increased to “five hundred rupees” from ” One hundred rupees”.
390	Appeals from convictions under sections 383, 384, 388 and 389	351	No change.
391	Certain Judges and Magistrates not to try certain offences when committed before themselves	352	No change.
392	Judgment	353	“pleaders” is replaced by “advocates.” A new proviso is added to subsection (4), which provides that the Court shall, as far as practicable, upload a copy of the judgement on its portal within a period of seven days from the date of judgement. And the words “either in person or through audio-video electronic means”. are added in subsection (5).
393	Language and contents of judgment	354	No change.
394	Order for notifying address of previously convicted offender	356	Reframing of phrases without any change in essence.
395	Order to pay compensation	357	No change.
396	Victim compensation scheme. Compensation to be in addition to fine under section 65, section 70 and subsection (1) of section 124 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 [under section 326A or section 376D of Indian Penal Code]	357A & 357B	No change.
397	Treatment of victims	357C	BNS sections replace corresponding IPC sections. “under sections 4, 6, 8 or section 10 of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 ” is added.
398	Witness protection scheme	–	“Every State Government shall prepare and notify a Witness Protection Scheme for the State with a view to ensure protection of the witnesses”.
399	Compensation to persons groundlessly arrested	358	No change.
400	Order to pay costs in non-cognizable cases	359	“pleader” is replaced by “advocate”.

BNSS Sections	Subject	CrPC Sections	Summary of Comparison
401	Order to release on probation of good conduct or after admonition	360	The words “with or without sureties” are excluded “or bail bond” are added. ‘the Children Act 1960 (60 of 1960)” is replaced by “The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015”.
402	Special reasons to be recorded in certain cases	361	‘The Children Act 1960 (60 of 1960)” is replaced by “The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015”.
403	Court not to alter judgment	362	No change.
404	Copy of judgment to be given to the accused and other persons	363	New Proviso added to subsection (5), which provides further that the Court may, on an application made on this behalf by the Prosecuting Officer, provide to the Government, free of cost, a certified copy of such judgement, order, deposition, or record.
405	Judgment when to be translated	364	The words “the accused so required” replaced by “if either party so requires”.
406	Court of Session to send copy of finding and sentence to District Magistrate	365	No change.
407	Sentence of death to be submitted by Court of Session for confirmation	366	The words “shall be” replaced by “forthwith”.
408	Power to direct further inquiry to be made or additional evidence to be taken	367	No change.
409	Power of High Court to confirm sentence or annul conviction	368	No change.
410	Confirmation or new sentence to be signed by two Judges	369	No change.
411	Procedure in case of difference of opinion	370	No change.
412	Procedure in cases submitted to High Court for confirmation	371	The words “either physically, or through electronic means” is added.
413	No appeal to lie unless otherwise provided	372	No change.
414	Appeal from orders requiring security or refusal to accept or rejecting surety for keeping peace or good behaviour	373	No change.
415	Appeals from convictions	374	“a Metropolitan Magistrate or Assistant Sessions Judge” excluded.
416	No appeal in certain cases when accused pleads guilty	375	“Metropolitan Magistrate” excluded.
417	No appeal in petty cases	376	“Metropolitan Magistrate” excluded. Imprisonment limit is reduced from six months to three months.
418	Appeal by the State Government against sentence	377	The words “the Delhi Special Police Establishment, constituted under the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946 (25 of 1946), or by any other” are excluded.
419	Appeal in case of acquittal	378	Ditto.
420	Appeal against conviction by High Court in certain cases	379	No change.
421	Special right of appeal in certain cases	380	The word “contained” excluded.
422	Appeal to Court of Session how heard	381	The word “Assistant Session Judge” excluded.
423	Petition of appeal	382	“pleader” is replaced by “advocate”.
424	Procedure when appellant in jail	383	No change.
425	Summary dismissal of appeal	384	“pleader” is replaced by “advocate”.
426	Procedure for hearing appeals not dismissed summarily	385	Ditto.
427	Powers of the Appellate Court	386	Ditto.
428	Judgments of Subordinate Appellate Court	387	No change.
429	Order of High Court on appeal to be certified to lower Court	388	No change.
430	Suspension of sentence pending the appeal; release of appellant on bail	389	“or bail bond” added.
431	Arrest of accused in appeal from acquittal	390	No change.
432	Appellate Court may take further evidence or direct it to be taken	391	“pleader” is replaced by “advocate”.
433	Procedure where Judges of Court of Appeal are equally divided	392	No change.
434	Finality of judgments and orders on appeal	393	No change.
435	Abatement of appeals	394	No change.
436	Reference to High Court	395	“Metropolitan Magistrate” and “or him” excluded.
437	Disposal of case according to decision of High Court	396	No change.
438	Calling for records to exercise powers of revision	397	The words “or bail bond ” added and “bail” excluded.
439	Power to order inquiry	398	No change.
440	Sessions Judge’s powers of revision	399	No change.
441	Power of Additional Sessions Judge	400	No change.
442	High Court’s powers of revision	401	“pleader” is replaced by “advocate”.
443	Power of High Court to withdraw or transfer revision cases	402	No change.
444	Option of Court to hear parties	403	“pleader” is replaced by “advocate”.
445	High Court’s order to be certified to lower Court	405	No change.
446	Power of Supreme Court to transfer cases and appeals	406	“not exceeding one thousand rupees” is excluded.
447	Power of High Court to transfer cases and appeals	407	In subsection (4) “or bail bond” is added and “with or without sureties” excluded. From the subsection (7) “not exceeding one thousand rupees” is excluded.
448	Power of Sessions Judge to transfer cases and appeals	408	The words “one thousand rupees” are replaced by “sum”, whereas “two hundred and fifty rupees” is replaced by “sum not exceeding ten thousand rupees”.
449	Withdrawal of cases and appeals by Session Judge	409	From subsection (1) “any Assistant Sessions Judge or” are excluded.
450	Withdrawal of cases by Judicial Magistrate	410	No change.
451	Making over or withdrawal of cases by Executive Magistrates	411	No change.
452	Reasons to be recorded	412	No change.
453	Execution of order passed under section 409	413	No change.
454	Execution of sentence of death passed by High Court	414	No change.
455	Commutation of sentence of death in case of appeal to Supreme Court	415	No change.
456	Postponement of capital sentence on pregnant woman	416	The heading “Commutation of sentence of death on pregnant woman” replaces the heading “Postponement of capital sentence on pregnant woman”.
457	Power to appoint place of imprisonment	417	The words “or section 23 of the Provincial Insolvency Act, 1920 (5 of 1920), as the case may be;” excluded.
458	Execution of sentence of imprisonment	418	No change.
459	Direction of warrant for execution	419	No change.
460	Warrant with whom to be lodged	420	No change.
461	Warrant for levy of fine	421	The words, “but no such payment has been made” added in subsection (1).
462	Effect of such warrant	422	No change.
463	Warrant for levy of fine issued by a Court in any territory to which this Sanhita does not extend	423	No change.
464	Suspension of execution of sentence of imprisonment	424	The words “with or without sureties” are excluded” and or bail bond” are added.
465	Who may issue warrant	425	No change.
466	Sentence on escaped convict when to take effect	426	No change.
467	Sentence on offender already sentenced for another offence	427	No change.
468	Period of detention undergone by the accused to be set off against the sentence of imprisonment	428	No change.
469	Saving	429	No change.
470	Return of warrant on execution of sentence	430	No change.
471	Money ordered to be paid recoverable as a fine	431	No change.
472	Mercy Petition in death sentence cases	–	Newly added section.
473	Power to suspend or remit sentences	432	In sub-section (5) the word “male” is excluded.
474	Power to commute sentence	433	Five new clauses are added regarding commutation of sentence and four clauses are excluded from 433 CrPC.
475	Restriction on powers of remission or commutation in certain cases	433A	No change.
476	Concurrent power of Central Government in case of death sentences	434	No change.
477	State Government to act after concurrence with Central Government in certain cases	435	The word “concurrence” replaces “consultation”. The words “the Delhi Special Police Establishment constituted under the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946 (25 of 1946), or” are excluded.
478	In what cases bail to be taken	436	The word “bail” is replaced by “or bail bond”. “without sureties” is excluded. In subsection(2) “bond or”, “or bail bond” are added.
479	Maximum period for which an undertrial prisoner can be detained	436A	“or life imprisonment is added.” One new proviso is added to subsection (1), which states about the bail of first-time offenders. Two new subsections (2) and (3) are added, which are about bail for individuals having multiple pending investigations, inquiries or trials for more than one offence, and applications by the superintendent of jail where the accused person is detained, respectively.“bail” is added in place of “his personal bond with or without sureties,” “also” is used in place of “further”.
480	When bail may be taken in case of non-bailable offence	437	In first proviso “is under the age of 16 years” is replaced by “child”. In third proviso, “or for police custody beyond the first fifteen days” added. The words “without sureties” are excluded.
481	Bail to require accused to appear before next appellate Court	437A	The words “bail bond with sureties” are replaced by “bond or bail bond”.
482	Direction for grant of bail to person apprehending arrest	438	No change.
483	Special powers of High Court or Court of Session regarding bail	439	No change.
484	Amount of bond and reduction thereof	440	No change.
485	Bond of accused and sureties	441	The words “bail or released on his own bond” replaced by “bond or bail bond” and “bail” is replaced by “bond or bail bond” in sub-section (1). In subsection (2) and (3), “or bail bond” is added.
486	Declaration by sureties	441A	No change.
487	Discharge from custody	442	The words “bail bond” are added in subsection (1) and (2).
488	Power to order sufficient bail when that first taken is insufficient	443	No change.
489	Discharge of sureties	444	No change.
490	Deposit instead of recognizance	445	The words “bond with or without sureties” are replaced by “bond or bail bond”.
491	Procedure when bond has been forfeited	446	No change.
492	Cancellation of bond and bail bond	446A	The words “bail bond” are added.
493	Procedure in case of insolvency of death of surety or when a bond is forfeited	447	No change.
494	Bond required from child	448	The word “minor” is replaced by “child”.
495	Appeal from orders under section 491	449	No change.
496	Power to direct levy of amount due on certain recognizances	450	No change.
497	Order for custody and disposal of property pending trial in certain cases	451	In subsection (1), the words, “or the Magistrate empowered to take cognizance or commit the case for trial”, “investigation,” and “or the Magistrate” are added. New subsections (2), (3), (4), and (5) are added, which stipulate the process of disposal, destruction, confiscation, or delivery of the property.
498	Order for disposal of property at conclusion of trial	452	The words “investigation” and “or the Magistrate” are added, and “Court” is replaced by “case” in subsection (1). The words “or the Magistrate” is added in subsection (2).
499	Payment to innocent purchaser of money found on accused	453	The words “within six months from the date of such order” are added for specifying the time limit for delivery to the purchaser.
500	Appeal against orders under section 498 or section 499	454	The word “or Magistrate” is added.
501	Destruction of libellous and other matter	455	No change.
502	Power to restore possession of immovable property	456	The words “attended by” are replaced by “by use of” in subsection (1).
503	Procedure by police upon seizure of property	457	No change.
504	Procedure where no claimant appears within six months	458	The words “may be prescribed” are replaced by “as the State Government may, by rules, provide”.
505	Power to sell perishable property	459	“five hundred rupees” is replaced by “less than ten thousand rupees”.
506	Irregularities which do not vitiate proceedings	460	No change.
507	Irregularities which vitiate proceedings	461	The words “or telegraph” are excluded.
508	Proceedings in wrong place	462	No change.
509	Non-compliance with provisions of section 183 or section 316	463	No change.
510	Effect of omission to frame, or absence of, or error in, charge	464	No change.
511	Finding or sentence when reversible by reason of error, omission or irregularity	465	No change.
512	Defect or error not to make attachment unlawful	466	Ditto.
513	Definitions	467	No change.
514	Bar to taking cognizance after lapse of the period of limitation	468	A new explanation is added. “For the purpose of computing the period of limitation, the relevant date shall be the date of filing a complaint under section 223 or the date of recording information under section 173.” “elsewhere” is excluded from subsection (1).
515	Commencement of the period of limitation	469	No change.
516	Exclusion of time in certain cases	470	No change.
517	Exclusion of date on which Court is closed	471	No change.
518	Continuing offence	472	No change.
519	Extension of period of limitation in certain cases	473	No change.
520	Trials before High Courts	474	No change.
521	Delivery to commanding officers of persons liable to be tried by Court-martial	475	The word “military” is replaced by “army”.
522	Forms	476	No change.
523	Power of High Court to make rules	477	The word “prescribed” is replaced by “provided by rules made by the State Government”.
524	Power to alter functions allocated to Executive Magistrate in certain cases	478	No change.
525	Case in which Judge or Magistrate is personally interested	479	No change.
526	Practicing advocate not to sit as Magistrate in certain Courts	480	The word “pleader” is replaced by “advocate”.
527	Public servant concerned in sale not to purchase or bid for property	481	No change.
528	Saving of inherent powers of High Court	482	Ditto.
529	Duty of High Court to exercise continuous superintendence over Courts	483	In the heading words “Court of Judicial Magistrates” are replaced by “Courts”. And “Courts of Session and”, “the Judges and” are added. The word “such” is excluded.
530	Trial and proceedings to be held in electronic mode	–	Newly added under heading Trial and proceedings to be held in electronic mode.
531	Repeal and savings	484	Proviso to subsection (2) (a) is excluded. In sub-section 2(b), the word “prescribed” is replaced at one place by “provided by rules” and at another place by the word “specified”. Proviso to subsection (2) (d) is excluded. In sub-section (3), the word “prescribed” is replaced by “specified”. The word “old” is replaced by “said” at many