criminal law

The Indian Penal Code (IPC) Section – 159 – 160 Affray Introduction Under Section 194 of the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita (BNS), the law defines and penalizes the act of affray. This provision aims to maintain public peace by addressing violent altercations in public places. Let’s break it down in simple terms. What is Affray? An affray occurs when two or more persons engage in…

The Indian Penal Code (IPC) Section – 154 – 156 Liability of Owner, Occupier, or Interested Persons for Unlawful Assembly or Riot Introduction Under Section 193 of the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita (BNS), the law holds owners, occupiers, or persons with an interest in land accountable if an unlawful assembly or riot takes place on their property. This provision ensures that individuals…

The Indian Penal Code (IPC) Section – 153 Wantonly Giving Provocation with Intent to Cause Riot Introduction Under Section 190 of the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita (BNS), the law penalizes individuals who provoke others with the intent to cause a riot. This provision aims to maintain public order by holding instigators accountable for their actions, whether or not a riot actually…

The Indian Penal Code (IPC) Section – 146-148 Rioting Rioting occurs when force or violence is used by an unlawful assembly or by its members in pursuit of the group’s common objective. This section defines rioting, identifies its key elements, and outlines the penalties for those found guilty of engaging in such unlawful actions. Key…

The Indian Penal Code (IPC) Section – 149 Every Member of Unlawful Assembly Guilty of Offence Committed in Prosecution of Common Object This section of the law holds that every member of an unlawful assembly is guilty of an offense committed by any member of that assembly in the pursuit of the common objective of…

The Indian Penal Code (IPC) Section – 141,145,150,151,157,158 Unlawful Assembly An unlawful assembly refers to a group of five or more persons who gather with a common intent to engage in actions that threaten public order, resist legal authority, or commit offenses. This section outlines the various offenses associated with unlawful assemblies and the corresponding…

The Indian Penal Code (IPC) Section – 245 Unlawfully Taking Coining Instrument from Mint This section addresses the offense of unlawfully removing coining tools or instruments from any government-approved mint in India. A mint is a highly secure facility authorized by the government to produce coins, and taking any equipment from such a facility without…

The Indian Penal Code (IPC) Section – 244 Person Employed in Mint Causing Coin to Be of Different Weight or Composition from That Fixed by Law This section outlines the offense committed by employees working in any lawfully established mint in India, who intentionally alter the weight or composition of coins issued from the mint….

The Indian Penal Code (IPC) Section – 263 A Prohibition of Fictitious Stamps Section 186 of the law addresses the issue of fictitious stamps, which are stamps that are fraudulently created or falsely presented to look like legitimate Government-issued stamps. Such actions are considered illegal, and this section outlines the consequences and penalties associated with…

The Indian Penal Code (IPC) Section – 263 Erasure of Mark Denoting That Stamp Has Been Used This section addresses the offense of erasing or removing the marks on Government-issued revenue stamps that denote they have already been used. The fraudulent act of removing these marks is considered a serious crime and is punishable by…