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On November 21, 2024, the International Criminal Court (hereinafter “ICC”) issued arrest warrants for Israeli leaders Benjamin Netanyahu and Yoav Gallant, charging them with war crimes and Crimes Against Humanity (hereinafter “CAHs”). These warrants, issued after a ruling by Pre-Trial Chamber I, found reasonable grounds to believe that Netanyahu and Gallant bear criminal responsibility as…
Introduction The recent announcement of US President Donald Trump’s regarding reciprocal tariffs against the least developing countries (LDCs) and developing countries (DCs) such as India, Brazil, Canada and China have stirred the controversy that it undermines the basic principle of World Trade Organisations framework as well as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)…
Deep-sea Mining (DSM) represents a pivotal intersection of resource extraction, environmental policy, and international law, particularly amid the ongoing climate crisis. As terrestrial mineral resources diminish, the deep seabed has attracted increasing interest for its untapped deposits of valuable minerals essential for renewable energy technologies, such as lithium and cobalt, intensifying global competition for these…
Introduction The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established on the foundational belief that international trade disputes should be settled by the rule of law rather than by the exercise of economic power. Its dispute settlement system has been applauded for its predictability and neutrality for decades. However, recent years have exposed its growing difficulty in…
The European Union speaks with one voice when it comes to trade related policiesmaking it one of the EU’s most important tools when it engages with nations beyond its borders. As Schmitz and Seidl mention, since the 1980s, the EU pursued a neoliberal trade strategy, advocating for global trade and liberalization as well as following…
On June 17, 1930, the United States enacted the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Acta sweeping protectionist law that significantly raised duties on over 20,000 or about 25% of all imported goods into USA. Passed during the early days of the Great Depression, the Act was intended to protect American farmers and manufacturers. Instead, it triggered a devastating…
Introduction For centuries, humanity has gazed at the stars with insatiable curiosity; a curiosity that led us from merely gazing at it to successfully venturing beyond it, in pursuit of unraveling the mysteries of the unknown. As our technological capabilities grew, so did our presence in space, transitioning from a realm dominated by government agencies…
Last week, President Donald Trump of the United States disclosed his plan to establish a new coast-to-coast missile defence shield, known as “Golden Dome,” at a cost of $175 billion. Golden Dome is essentially an idea for a multi-layered space-based defence architecture that can provide cover against present threats like hypersonic missiles, long-range ballistic systems…
The concept of Legitimate Expectations, that is often invoked under the Fair and Equitable standard, has throughout its existence a contested space in terms of determining its position in International Investment Law. Despite the doctrine finding its presence in numerous BITs and having been invoked in several cases before Tribunals (as in International Thunderbird Gaming…
Introduction The 21st century, heralded for its unprecedented surge in technological advancements, is currently confronted with a malignant phenomenon termed ‘climate change’. Extreme weather, global warming, and the ensuing rise in sea levels are now very much a ubiquitous reality. Among its various negative impacts, one particularly distressing reality is the swallowing of territory of…
