Jurisprudence

The Indian Penal Code (IPC) Section – 170 Understanding BNS-204: Personating a Public Servant Impersonating a public servant is a serious offense that undermines trust in public institutions. BNS-204 is a legal provision that addresses this issue by penalizing individuals who falsely pretend to be public servants or misuse the authority of such positions. Let’s break this…

The Indian Penal Code (IPC) Section – 169 Understanding BNS-203: Public Servant Unlawfully Buying or Bidding for Property Public servants are expected to act with integrity and avoid conflicts of interest. However, some may misuse their positions for personal gain, especially in property transactions. BNS-203 is a legal provision that addresses this issue by penalizing public servants…

The Indian Penal Code (IPC) Section -167 Understanding BNS-202: Public Servant Unlawfully Engaging in Trade Public servants are entrusted with important responsibilities, and they are expected to act with integrity. However, some may misuse their positions for personal gain. BNS-202 is a legal provision that addresses this issue by penalizing public servants who engage in trade or…

Accident while performing a lawful act Nothing is an offence which is done by accident or misfortune, and without any criminal intention or knowledge in the doing of a lawful act in a lawful manner by lawful means and with proper care and caution. Illustrations A is at work with a hatchet; the head flies…

Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself, justified, by law If someone is allowed to by the law to do something, or if they mistakenly believe they are allowed by the law because of a mistake in the law, then they are not breaking the law. Illustrations A sees…

Act done pursuant to the judgment or order of Court Nothing which is done in pursuance of, or which is warranted by the judgment or order of, a Court; if done whilst such judgment or order remains in force, is an offence, notwithstanding the Court may have had no jurisdiction to pass such judgment or…

Act of the Judge when acting as a judge A judge can’t break the law when he or she is doing their job and using any power that the law gives them, or that they honestly believe they have. Important Things About BNS-15 According to BNS-15 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, judges who are…

Action taken by someone who is legally required to do so, or who wrongly thinks they are legally required to do so If someone is legally required to do something, or if they mistakenly think they are legally required to do something, that is not an offense. Some examples (a) Soldier A fires on a…

Introduction Certain crimes pose a greater threat to society when committed repeatedly. To address this, BNS Section 13 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023 provides enhanced punishment for repeat offenders convicted under Chapters X and XVII of the Sanhita. This section ensures that habitual offenders receive stricter penalties to prevent them from continuing criminal…

Introduction Solitary confinement, while a recognized disciplinary measure in prisons, must be applied fairly and humanely. BNS Section 12 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023, places strict limits on the duration and frequency of solitary confinement. This section ensures that solitary confinement:✅ Does not exceed legal limits.✅ Is not applied excessively to prevent severe…